The physical difference between male and female is there just for the sake of fertility. Women are the symbol of fertility; and only a healthy woman can give birth to a healthy child. For the sake of healthy family, healthy society and healthy country it is essential to pay necessary attention to women’s health. Balanced diet is the prime requirement for keeping a woman fit and fine. The diet of a woman must be rich in vitamins and minerals.

Like other parts of the body, reproductive organs of women also require due care. After reaching the age of puberty menstrual cycle starts in women which provide them power to conceive. Menstrual cycle is the process of formation of egg in the ovary, entrance of egg to the uterus for fertilization and removal of unfertilized egg. With the beginning of menstrual cycle possibility of problems related with female genital organs also increases.

Sex is a vital part of normal human life. During sex the egg is fertilized by the sperm if it is available in the uterus. Though sex only for enjoyment is prohibited in many societies and religion but millions iconoclast are there who break the norms. When physical relations are established for mutual enjoyment then women don’t want pregnancy. Contraceptive protects a woman against any unwanted pregnancy. There many types of female contraceptives available in the market.

Oral pills and skin birth control patches are the two prominent ways for women to stop unwanted pregnancy. Trivora and Ortho Tri-Cyclen are the oral contraceptive which can also stop unwanted pregnancy. Women also wear birth control patches on their skin; these are easy to use contraceptives in hectic schedule of modern life. These patches contain hormones like estrogen and progestin which are slowly released in blood stream which stop pregnancy. Ortho Evra is a birth control patch which is easily available through an online order.

Vaginal infection is a common disease in women which generally occurs because of microbes. Yeasts and certain types of fungi are responsible for vaginal infection. Yellowish discharge, dampness, itching and pain in love making are prominent symptoms of vaginal infection. There are tablets like Diflucan which can get rid of vaginal infection.

Every woman wants to have child but sometimes infertility tries to kill her wish. Infertility can occur because of many factors but hormonal disorder is the prime cause of the infertility. Drugs like Clomid can bring hormone on appropriate level so that ovary is stimulated to produce more and mature eggs. This increases the chances for conceiving, as mature egg forms zygote easily.

Menopause is the stage where women may have some complications like hot flashes, vaginal dryness and osteoporosis. After menopause every woman should pay more attention to her health. These described complications can be easily eliminated with the help of Estradiol which is usually prescribed by the doctor for curing malady related with menopause.

Before starting the use of any above described oral or topical medication, drug and contraceptive, doctor’s prescription and advice is essential. Stick to the methods and dosages as advised by the doctor.

]]> http://www.ybenedict.org/good-women-health-is-the-symbol-of-fertility/feed 0 http://www.ybenedict.org/resistance-training-resulting-in-improving-women-health-and-fitness http://www.ybenedict.org/resistance-training-resulting-in-improving-women-health-and-fitness#comments Thu, 10 Sep 2009 13:35:31 +0000 Admin http://www.ybenedict.org/resistance-training-resulting-in-improving-women-health-and-fitness

Regardless of the lawful point of views placed forward by the scientists and fitness experts and researchers over the past 20-30 years about the advantages of mass training for women, several of women who plan to undertake over to the strength segment is yet quite less.

Many women who work out tend to distribute their time between aerobics’ classes and cardio machines. Hardly ever do they utilize any type of resistance schedule to face up their bodies. But the resistance training is not just restricted to lifting iron next to some 350-pound body builder or planning to shape out how to utilize complex equipments. There are several ways that can be hunted. The main punch to develop total women’s health and fitness is a good quality mixture of eating healthy to lose weight and cardiovascular training and yes without any doubt the most important weight work out.

The Big Reasons which should be concentrated on:

Even though there are others but the following are the peak reasons why women should slot in several types of resistance training into their regular exercising schedule.

Bone development:

“I have fallen down and therefore I can not get up” Funny individuals may gag about old-aged women declining down and damaging hips but it is not at all a joking stuff. As women start becoming older their bones turn out to be fragile as calcium deposition in the bone decrease due to inability of the body to absorb the surplus calcium present ion the body. The final consequence is a situation known as osteoporosis. Weight training has revealed to battle this by exciting the bones to absorb surplus calcium and other bone building minerals like the potassium. Though weight training can not totally discontinue osteoporosis but it can go a lengthy way in reducing the effects of osteoporosis.

Quick Fat loss:

Many individuals observe weight training for women as a way to build body mass. But did you ever realize that weight training can also assist you losing your weight, specially the abdominal fat? Although cardio vascular reduces additional calories while one is doing it, weight training reduces extra calories after she leaves the gym.

Improving Injury prevention:

Although a vigorous cardio vascular system is vital, women’s health and fitness also implies at having strong body. Several injuries can be bargained if barred by standard strength training exercise.

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if your prolapse was not surgically induced, can readily be stabilized, managed and often dramatically improved through lifestyle changes. In this video, Christine has put together all the information you need right now. In this video you will get a comprehensive education on your condition, your anatomy, your options and a new way to stand, sit, walk and exerecise that can not only help your prolapse, but make you stronger, more flexible, more graceful and restore your natural female posture …

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Read more on Womens fitness. Check out for Ab exercises and nutritional supplements.

Whether your female health questions are on early signs of menopause or how to reduce PMS symptoms, you can find answers online to important female health questions.

Busy women today have to keep up with their career, money issues and family. There is hardly time to prepare meals and care for the children and/or partner before and after work hours. Most women in the western industrialized countries become involved with career and family in their late twenties and early thirties. As responsibilities grow, women will typically experience a great deal of stress and have female health concerns.

Along with increased stress may come excessive caffeine or alcohol consumption, sleepless nights, cigarette smoking, lack of exercise, birth control pills, poor nutrition choices, obesity and exposure to the many environmental toxins found in daily life. These lifestyle choices add to the female health problems instead of helping the body to cope with the many demands placed on it.

It is no wonder that many women have female health concerns and begin experiencing health symptoms that make them wonder what is going on and to look for answers to questions such as the following:

Female Health Questions #1 – How Can I Have More Energy and Feel Better?

Lack of energy may be from overexertion or it may be your body telling you that it needs to rest. Anyone can feel tired occasionally. However, constantly feeling fatigued can be a symptom of disease or bodily imbalance and can occur at any age. It may be the first sign that your body is not working as it should and something should be done.

Female Health Questions #2 – Why Am I Gaining Weight?

Weight gain probably means you have gained unwanted weight around the mid-section even though no changes have been made in eating habits. Daily calories might have even been reduced but still the weight remains. Again the logical question is “Why?”

Female Health Questions #3 – Why Am I Having Hot Flashes/Night Sweats?

About half of all women experience hot flashes and night sweats during the years as changes happen in the monthly menstrual cycle. As menopause approaches, they frequently continue for several years following menopause if not treated. With the major changes in the body’s hormones, the brain thinks your body temperature is changing which causes your nervous system to want to cool your body down. Fluctuating hormone levels are the #1 cause.

Female Health Questions #4 – Why Is My Hair Thinning?

Women experience thinning hair and even hair growth in the wrong places. There are various treatments like changing your hair style or using a shampoo and conditioner that makes your hair fuller. However, instead of purchasing female hair loss products, a woman should first look for the underlying causes that are related to hormone imbalance.

Female Health Questions #5 – Can I Find Online Information on These and Related Health Issues?

Yes! A woman should understand what are normal changes in her reproductive cycle and health and what symptoms indicate underlying hormonal imbalances or damage from poor eating habits, stress and other factors. And the health problems you may be having can definitely be related!

A woman with female health concerns should know which symptoms she has. And how mild or severe are those symptoms? What are you demanding of your body? Are you frequently stressed? Are you taking prescription drugs? What about caffeine and alcohol? What support are you giving your body? What do you eat and are you taking a high-quality women’s nutritional supplement? And what is your age? Your age is important because you need to compare your health with other women your age.

Find out more about your health, the symptoms you may have, what these symptoms mean and your options. There is an online test for hormone health related to symptoms that indicate hormones are out of balance. This health test has been developed by a leading womens health clinic, it is used in their practice every day and is available to women online at no cost.

If you are a woman in your thirties or older and you feel your health is not what it should be, get answers to your female health questions by taking the womens health test online and see what the clinic recommends for your health situation. Understanding what is healthy and normal and what is not is crucial when your energy, your health and well-being are at stake.

Copyright 2007 InfoSearch Publishing

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Scientists and community members speak about a variety of topics including: 1) the dramatic need for scientific information on women’s health and on gender-specific factors determining health and disease; 2) the scientific tradition of excluding women as participants in many clinical trials, and the continuing practice of “pooling” subject data rather than analyzing health outcomes by gender that have each contributed to this “knowledge gap,”; 3) the progress being made in reversing these …

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Read more about the early menopause symptoms that are signs that the online hormone health test should be taken. David Buster is VP of InfoSearch Publishing and writes for www.safemenopause…m indexhttp://www.safemenopausesolutions.com – a website of natural health information.

Since the 60s, smoking women has continued to grow: the proportion of smokers rose from 10 to 22% in 40 years on the 15 million smokers in USA. The women smoke more and more and earlier. The first cigarette is usually taken between 14 and 16 years. Cigarette smoke passes from the lungs to the brain within 10 seconds, carrying so much faster than would intravenous injection of illicit drugs. Smoking cigarette send some 4 000 chemicals to the body.

Tobacco and gynecological disorders

Smoking decreases the secretion of estrogen. It may therefore be responsible for menstrual disorders with irregularities and pain. There is also often a change of tone of voice, which becomes hoarse, and an increase of hairs. Menopause occurs 1 to 2 years earlier than average among smokers. Hot flashes are more intense and the risk of osteoporosis is increased. Tobacco also promotes the development of precancerous lesions of the cervix.

Tobacco and skin

Due to a lack of oxygenation of the skin, smokers are more often dull complexion and “clouded”. The cellular exchanges have slowed and the waste is not eliminated. The skin loose his radiance and elasticity. Wrinkles appear prematurely, with 10 to 20 years ahead, especially at the lips. Smoking stimulates the production of free radicals that damage the elastin and collagen.

Tobacco and pill

35% of women aged 20 to 44 years who take contraceptive smoke, increasing from 4 to 10 times the risk of cardiovascular problems. Combining a contraceptive with cigarettes is a major health hazard, especially past 35 years. Indeed, nicotine promotes deposition of fat in the blood vessels and damages arteries. The blood thickens and the risk of thrombosis, stroke and cerebral vascular accident (stroke) is accentuated. These evils are aggravated by contraceptives.

Smoking and Pregnancy

Cigarette smoking decreases by 50% female fertility: thickens the cervical mucus, preventing sperm progression, lack of estrogen reduces the quality of the uterine wall and restricts blood flow necessary for the implantation of the egg. Smoking increases by 3 the risk of miscarriage, and by 2 ectopic pregnancies and premature births. There is also stunted fetus that is not well oxygenated. Its weight is generally lower than 200 g at birth. In addition, smokers lactating produce 25% less milk than non-smokers.

Tobacco and weight

Smoking reduce the taste and smell. In addition, nicotine stimulates the nervous system that causes a cut-hunger, slows the storage of fat in adipocytes and artificially increases energy expenditure to 200 calories per day compared to non-smoker. The smokers have a weight lower than they would if they do not smoke (around 4 kg). So when you stop smoking, you just go back to your normal weight. No need to worry! However physical activity is still recommended to stabilize the weight. If you start to gain to much weight, try to eat better by cutting in the fat and salt.

It may be a good idea to consult a dietetist to help stabilize your weight while you stop smoking. Consulting a dietetist is a sure way to establish a healthy and balanced diet. Using dangerous product like laxative and purgative are dangerous and not the solution to long lasting weight loss!

Good luck!

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Be My Friend – www.myspace.com Women’s Health, Hormones, Sun & Postpartum Depression Dr.Vincent Bellonzi is a chiropractor and is certified in Clinical Nutrition. He has been in practice for over 12 years. He received his Doctorate from Los Angeles College of Chiropractic in 1991. Since 1998, Dr. Bellonzi has practiced in the Austin area. He works with athletes at every level to provide sports conditioning and rehabilitation. Visit Dr. Bellonzi’s website at www.austinwellnessclinic.com This …

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Women’s Excessive Facial Hair Growth – there’s no need to suffer!

Excessive facial or body hair in women is a condition called hirsutism. Hirsutism either runs in the family, usually presenting at menopause and puberty, or it can be an indicator of a larger underlying problem. Research indicates that up to 10-12% of the Australian female population is affected by Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome which can be linked to excessive hair growth and hirsutism.

Hereditary hirsutism is largely an aesthetic rather than a health concern. When not hereditary it is most likely the result of excessive male hormone production (adrenal virilism), or an increased sensitivity of the hair follicle to normal male hormone levels. It is important to both a woman’s health and her self-con dence to have this condition diagnosed by a doctor. Hirsutism and any hormone imbalance that may underlie this condition can be treated. Excessive facial and/or body hair can be managed. Electrolysis is one means of managing excess hair but this can be painful, slow and very costly requiring many visits as only one follicle at a time is usually treated by sending an electrical pulse down the hair shaft.

Laser hair removal (as distinct from the much less effective IPL) is a much more manageable maintenance procedure as it treats a larger number of follicles at a time, is more comfortable than electrolysis and provides fast effective treatments. Hormonal hair growth via Laser Hair Removal therapy is efficient and manageable but not always a permanent solution as it is likely that hormonal hair regrowth may occur although usually at a much slower rate and usually much thinner than before, so hirsutism sufferers should be wary of claims by any service provider that they will achieve a permanent solution.

A woman might consider bleaching her facial hair, which makes it less visible alternatively regularly waxing can also assist. All of these methods should be used as means to treating the symptom, but any woman with progressing hirsutism should consult a doctor for a diagnosis in order not to compromise her health, or her self-confidence.

Nad’s Laser Hair Removal Clinic treats a number of hirsutism sufferer’s however warns that when it comes to facial hair, clients need to carefully select their treatment provider as Nad’s Clinics see a large number of clients that have been treated by inexperienced IPL and Laser Clinics. Inappropriate treatment can result in additional hair growth to facial or hormonal areas. Nad’s Laser Hair Removal Clinic warns that ONLY the affected areas should be treated by highly skilled therapists that have a sound understanding and many years experience in dealing with skin as inappropriate treatments may result in adverse side effects.. Additionally, certain medications are photosensitive and can result in an adverse affect if a pre treatment Consultation is not accurately conducted by skilled Therapists. For more information on laser hair removal visit www.nadsclinic.com.au

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Women tend to ignore their pains and aches. They also put off going to the doctor or taking routine tests that are recommended once in every two-three years. The result is that their health usually suffers a great deal as they grow old. There are many health concerns that women face as they age. Among the most common are breast cancer, pelvic pain, menopause (which by itself is not a disease, but it comes with a host of problems), heart disease, endometriosis, infertility and many others.

Finding the Right Type of Care and Guidance

Going to doctor is okay. However, sometimes women need a little more attention, a little more focus, a little more guidance and understanding. Here is where women’s health care clinics offer an invaluable service. These are good because they specialize not only in women health care, but also the psychology that accompanies these diseases and their cure and care.

Aging women need a bit more than medical care; they need understanding, they need assurance and guidance about the changes that happen in their body. This is because as they enter their late forties the menopause plays havoc with the mind and body. When other diseases affect the body, this causes depression, sense of hopelessness and sometime deep panic.

Women’s health care clinics concentrate on offering a holistic method of medical attention which encompasses care of both body and mind. It is very important for women to have reassurance about how things are and would be; it is also very important for them to understand what the problems they are going through are and what are the problems that they should anticipate. The women’s health care clinics are excellent at providing the right support and specialized care – just like a friend.

Women’s health care clinics have another very important feature – since they cater singly to women health, these clinics are highly equipped to recognize, diagnose and treat women’s diseases. Though general hospitals too are excellent, the women’s health care clinics are in a modest way more focused on women’s needs. This is why women feel more relaxed when treated here.

You should keep in mind that a women’s health care clinic is indeed like a true friend; which is exactly why you should visit them once in a while. Women over 30 years of age should have periodic check-up at least once in every three years. Adopt this habit, and it might save your life.

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Be My Friend – www.myspace.com Women’s Health, Hormones, Sun & Postpartum Depression Dr.Vincent Bellonzi is a chiropractor and is certified in Clinical Nutrition. He has been in practice for over 12 years. He received his Doctorate from Los Angeles College of Chiropractic in 1991. Since 1998, Dr. Bellonzi has practiced in the Austin area. He works with athletes at every level to provide sports conditioning and rehabilitation. Visit Dr. Bellonzi’s website at www.austinwellnessclinic.com This …

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Seems to me that perhaps a disproportionate amount of federal resources goes to funding women's health. Don't get me wrong, women are cool and all. But men already have a significantly shorter life span due to several factors…

Maybe the government just understands that men are men (The doctor said it was cancer… I CALL IT A CHALLENGE!) ?

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Beliefs and Practices in Women Health

* Ramaiah Bheenaveni *

Rural women’s health is an infinitely broad topic. Many Indian women have come from circumstances in which women have limited access to healthcare. Traditionally, there has been discrimination towards women in decision-making; access to resources such as food, education and health care; job opportunities; and in child-rearing and parenting. However, women’s health in rural areas affects everything in their environment from their families to their economies and vice versa. A woman’s health, especially among the poor and illiterate, is often neglected not just by her family but by the woman herself. She is taught not to complain and if she does then she is directed either to use condiments in the kitchen or try faith healing.

Man is unique in that he has a distinct cultural environment of his own. This includes all the conditions in which men are born, brought up, live, work, procreate and perish. Culture as an environment is deeply related to the health of humans. It includes patterns of social organizations designed to regulate a particular society; one can understand the behaviour of people belonging to various sections and predict how an individual of a particular section will react in a given situation. With our knowledge of health, the treatment of diseases among ignorant peoples appears to be strange since they frequently follow practices of praying, wearing of amulets or consulting an exorcist who recites certain verbal formula. Hence, we can say that beliefs and cultural practices are predominately playing significant roles in the human health more peculiarly in the health of women.

Many rural people did not know about the services set up for them at sub-centres and PHC by the government because they did not see any evidence of these services being provided for them. As a part of the awareness programmes, the health workers (ANM) have been organizing to several exposure trips at the villages. It was there that the women were informed about the specifics of various services supposed to be made available to them. This encouraged some of them to ask questions and report on the situation in their PHC. They explained that though a nurse did visit their village it was not a daily visit, nor did she go beyond a certain point in the village, and certainly did not take a round of the village. They made a show of doing their duty by providing nominal services.

A variety of factors, including an older population, a limited supply of health care providers, and further distances from health care resources may contribute to special health concerns for people in non-metropolitan areas. Access to health care and social services are critical issues for rural women.

Belief is the psychological state in which an individual is convinced of the truth of a proposition. Like the related concepts truth, knowledge, and wisdom, there is no precise definition of belief on which scholars agree, but rather numerous theories and continued debate about the nature of belief 1.

The cultural phenomenon of social organization, according to Giger and Davidhizar (2004), includes groups in the social environment that influence cultural development and identification. The family, an important aspect of the social organization phenomenon, strongly influences cultural behavior through a process of socialization or enculturation of children and group members (Giger & Davidhizar; Niska, 1999). These learned cultural behaviors guide individuals through life situations, events and health practices. Understanding family from a cultural perspective is a significant element in providing nursing care to Mexican-Americans since Giger and Davidhizar identify the family as being most values in this culture.

Environmental control is defined by Giger and Davidhizar (2004) as the ability of persons within a particular cultural heritage to plan activities that control their environment as well as their perception of one’s ability to direct factors in the environment. Kuipers’ (1999) discussion of this model, in relation to Mexican-American culture, emphasized the construct of environmental control with a focus on locus-of-control, health beliefs, and folk medicine. Locus-of-control explains the way in which individuals, within their cultural environment, perceive their ability to control what happens to them and to their health. Health may be viewed as being dependent on outside forces or their own actions (Bundek et al., 1993). Beliefs about health and illness, which are components of environmental control, affect health practices, use of health resources, and a person’s response to experiences of both health and illness (Giger & Davidhizer, 2004; Northam, 1996). A third component of environmental control, folk medicine, includes alternative therapies such as using herbs and teas or visiting a cultural folk healer.

Objectives:

1. Exploration of women beliefs on health, risk and their relationship to lifestyles;

2. Elicitation of their views across a range of health-related behaviours and practices, especially puberty, menstruation, pregnancy and child rearing, and assessment of the potential for the positive promotion of women health in these and other areas of her sexual health.

3. Identification of the sources of information and influences on the development of health beliefs amongst women, particularly with respect to common elements in attitudes to risk-taking across a number of health beliefs and practices.

4. To focus on what women themselves know and want to know, including the salience of health, and the relevance of health-related knowledge in their lives

Hypothesis:

1. There is a positive relationship between social beliefs and cultural practices of a given society

2. Positive relationship may be observed among the social beliefs and cultural practices and various other factors such as caste, religion, social and traditional customs in society

3. The explanation for the persistence of belief systems is that people remain committed to them, but for this commitment to last long, the belief system must be validated

Research Design:

A quantitative and qualitative study, building on our previous work in this area, concerning the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of female children and young women to health, risk and lifestyles. A guiding methodological principle underpinning the study was the development of a sensitive research design for rather than on women: a study grounded not simply in what women know or need to know, but also in what they want to know and feel to be important in the context of their everyday lives. The methods enabling these principles to be taken forward are described below.

a) Area of the Study:

The Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh consists of ten districts namely Hyderabad, Ranagareddy, Mahabubnagar, Medak, Adilabad, Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Nalgonda, and Khammam. From this region, the village Ramchandrapur in Koheda Mandal of Karimnagar district has been randomly selected as an area of the study.

b) Universe & Sampling:

According to 2001 census, the village Ramchandrapur has an approximate population of 1840 who from nearly 550 families. This village has a primary health centre (PHC), but lacks a major hospital within a range of 35 kms. And this village has been selected as universe for this study.

So for this study, the researcher adopted stratified-proportionate random method of sampling based on caste composition of the villagers and selected the respondents from the families mentioned in the habitation list of Ramchandrapur. This village population data was collected from Supraja Seva Samithi, a voluntary organization, which is working in the region for the last 10 years in the fields of health, education and environmental protection. The list consists of various caste grouping and from which proportionate stratified samples were selected. Then a list of about 181 respondents was prepared for data collection. Therefore, it is obvious that an attempt has been made to present a general picture of community data and on the basis of which, views and attitudes of the respondents were taken into consideration.

C) Tools of Data Collection:

As the research is qualitative and quantitative, non-participant observation and interview schedule was adopted for the collection of primary data. The aspects that will cover in the interview schedule were defined under two parts, one is for socio-economic and cultural status of respondents such as name, sex, age, social status, education, religion, income, nature and type of the house, etc. and the other for socio-cultural beliefs and practice patterns in health and the related treatment of the villagers.

D) Analysis and interpretation of data:

After arranging the collected data through tabulation and classification, they were analyzed and interpreted in the socio-cultural context so as to give a scientific basis to the study. Although statistical methods like frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, t-test, chi-squire and ANOVA have been used in the study, they were applied in a relevant way.

Findings:

Socio-Economic Profile:

During the field work, observed that 22 castes were appeared and most of the respondent belongs to the BC castes like Yadava, Gouda, Munnuru Kapu, Vishwa Brahmin, Mudiraj and a insignificant number of people belongs to services caste like Mangali, Chakali, Mera and so on. A considerable amount of people belongs to SC community i.e. Mala and Madigas. Only a few respondents belong to ST (Erukala) community. Out of the 181 respondents, 55 percent are male and 45 percent female,. This research is carried out with almost all the equal four fold age groups of respondents. Thus, it is noted that age group is scattered in this study. More number of respondents i.e. 91% belongs to Hindu religion and 5% are Muslim. Nearly 4% of the respondents belong to Christianity. It is also proved that common phenomena of religion composition in India.

In this village, a majority of the respondents i.e. 82 (45%) are illiterates. The next more number of respondents have studied up to primary and secondary level i.e. 24 (13%). There are 21 (12%) of the respondents can read and write. A significant number of respondents i.e. 18 (10%) claimed to have studied up to college level while the small number of people who have studied up to professional level, technical level and others stands at 7 (4%), 3 (2%) and 2 (1%) respectively. The findings reveal that more number of the respondents i.e. 55 (30.4%) are labourers and one-fourths of the respondents i.e. 45 (24.9%) are engaging in the farming. On the whole 38(21%) are continuing their caste occupation while 20 (11%) and 17 (9.4%) respondents are doing other occupation and brought up into the service sector respectively. Only a few of the respondents i.e. 6 (3.3%) are carrying out business.

It is also noted that a majority of the respondents i.e. 84.21% are living under the tiled houses and a significant number of the respondents i.e. 15.79% posses R.C.C houses. A substantial number of the BC community respondents i.e. 75% owned the tiled house and rest of them i.e. 14.29% have R.C.C. houses and 8.04% own asbestos roofed houses. Most of the SC respondents i.e. 91.49% are residing under the tiled houses while only 8.51% consist R.C.C. houses. Among the ST respondents, 33.33% have R.C.C., tiled house and thatched house equally. Regarding the income, less than 24% of the respondents earn Rs. 1501 – 2000 per month. Almost equal number i.e. 22.7 and 21.5 % of the respondents earn below Rs. 500 and between Rs. 1001 and 1500 respectively. A significant number of respondents i.e. 20 % obtaining monthly income is in the range of Rs. 501 – 1000 while only 12.7% claimed their income was over Rs. 2000.

This village consist very good fertile lands, There is just below half of the respondents i.e. 84 (46.4%) have not possess any land on their own. There are 35 (19.3%) of the respondents possess land between 1- 2.19 acres. A significant number of respondents i.e. 28 (15.5%) and 20 (11.04%) are having land between 2.20 – 4.39 acres and 5 – 9.39 acres respectively. A considerable number of respondents i.e. 14 (7.7%) are owned land 10 and above acres.

Social Dogmatism on Menstruation

Patriarchal societies have tended to control women by first announcing menarche (the onset of menstrual cycle in a young girl) to the world in an apparently celebratory fashion while thereafter attempting to control the implied fertility and sexual power by monthly rites of pollution, restriction and isolation of the menstruating woman.

The various names for menstruation or ‘periods’ point to its polluting quality. For instance in Telugu, it is called samurta or peddamanshi meaning attaining maturity. Menstrual blood is believed to be polluting. There are varying restrictions put on a girl due to this belief such as not touching people or hanging washed clothes out to dry; not touching certain flowering plants lest they die or not fruit; sleeping on a jute bag or woollen blanket away from others. A woman cannot touch her child during menstruation. If she has to, the child must first be unclothed completely or made to wear silken clothes. Visiting or touching images of gods, temples, religious scriptures is also prohibited. A fear is inculcated in the adolescent that she will sin if she breaks these taboos. Restrictions are also placed on diet. These pollution taboos result in many women getting an enforced rest for at least these three days of the month since they are barred from carrying out their normal activities.

Not only is menstrual blood supposed to be dirty, but evil too. A menstruating girl should not let her shadow fall on a child with measles lest the child turn blind. The used menstrual cloth also possesses an evil quality. If men see the cloth, dry or otherwise, they could go blind. If a cow were to swallow the cloth she would curse the girl with infertility. In villages in A.P., women do not throw their menstrual cloth-they either burn it or bury it.

There seem to be some similarities between Hindus and Muslims regarding the practice of some of these rituals. Among Muslims, the menstruating woman should not touch holy books lest they become impure. Converted Christians follow, although to a lesser degree, the rituals of their original castes. The taboos and rituals clearly devalue. Women’s reproductive powers. The notion of women being polluted and unclean can be ascribed to patriarchal control of women’s reproductive powers. While the woman fulfils a vital social role of giving birth to progeny through her biological reproductive capacity, she is, at the same time, isolated during menstruation.

Cultural Practices of Puberty

Most women do not know about the physiology of menstruation and therefore the first experience of menstruation is filled with fear, shame and disgust. In some areas such as in rural areas of A.P. the girl is sometimes told to dub three or four dots of menstrual blood or mustard oil on the wall and draw a line between the second and third or third and fourth; it is believed that she will finish her menstruation within two and a half or three and a half days in all subsequent periods.

Elaborate rituals are performed in south Indian states-as well as in many parts of north India-at the onset of menstruation. The onset of puberty is traditionally viewed in terms of the girl’s emergent sexuality and prospective motherhood. The pubescent girl is given an elaborate ritual bath, after a massage with turmeric and vermillion. The Mudiraj communities in A.P. isolate the pubescent girl for 21 days within the house, away from the male gaze. The room in which she is secluded is separated with an iron rod and a fire is kept constantly burning during this period. Fire signifies purity and also keeps away daiyyam or witches and evil spirits. The girl is polluted and hence prohibited from touching people and other people are not allowed to touch her. In case of default, a bath is essential for ritual purification.

The Impact of the Food Habits on Women Health:

Although women are more or less marginalized and neglected in relation to the quality and quantity of food, certain occasions in a woman’s life are celebrated with the offering of a variety of nutritious foods specially prepared for her. Almost every community has the practice of feeding a girl on her first menstruation with delicious and nutritive foods, with the time of seclusion for the period ranging between nine to 21 days. In parts of A.P., sweets made of jaggery, groundnuts, sesame, fenugreek, wheat flour and sorgum are given to the girl. Menstruation for the first time in the house of one’s in-laws is also considered very auspicious in all regions of A.P. and is celebrated with gaiety.. The idea seems to be to give the girl ‘rich’, that is, strength-giving foods as well as both ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ foods.

Certain ‘hot’ foods (like jaggery) and ‘cold’ foods (like tamarind and lemons) are taboo as it is believed that the girl will suffer from menstrual pain. ‘Hot’ foods may cause heavy bleeding and ‘cold’ foods may cause severe menstrual pain. Special foods are understood to compensate for the loss of blood, regularise the menstrual cycle and flow, strengthen her reproductive organs and generally contribute to her fertility.

Work Prohibition of Pregnant Women:

It is also observed during the fieldwork that almost all the respondents have revealed that prohibition of work is compulsory while a women pregnancy but this notion is varies to one community to another. The higher social status communities are not allowed to perform the works even domestic works also from the early months to after late months of maternity. Whereas weaker section women perform the daily domestic actives some of them perform field activates but it is only in the early months. They should also take rest in the late months of pregnancy and early months of maternity.

Encourage and Disencourage Food Items During the Pregnancy of Women:

During pregnancy and lactation, many traditional communities across the country restrict a woman’s food intake. It is believed that if a pregnant woman eats too much, the foetus will not have room to move. The abdomen is supposed to contain both the food and the foetus and the latter’s space needs should be given greater priority. Another reason for controlling a pregnant woman’s food consumption is perhaps that excess weight would reduce the productivity of her work in the fields and around the house. A widely prevalent practice all over India is shrimanta. In the seventh month of pregnancy special rituals are performed and different types of sweets are prepared and given to the parents-to-be. The purpose is to give moral support and encouragement to the pregnant woman and celebrate her achievement of having reached near full-term. The sweets are generally made of wheat flour, jaggery, ghee, fenugreek and dry fruits. In the final stages of pregnancy, the pregnant woman is supposed to cat these foods custom every day. This is a good custom because it provides the calories and protein needed for the rapidly growing foetus in the last trimester of pregnancy.

Food Items Encourage % Disencourage %

1.Milk 173 95.5 8 4.4

2.Green leafs 148 81.7 33 18.2

3.Toddy 80 44.1 101 55.8

4.Non-Veg 132 72.9 49 27

5.Papaya — — 181 100

6.Potato 49 27 132 72.9

7.Brinjal 50 27.6 131 72.3

The above table explains the villager’s perceptions on encourage and disencourage food items during the pregnancy of women. The data shows that there are 173 (95.5%) of the respondents have stated that they are encouraging milk and its related food items and only insignificant number of respondents i.e.8 (4.4%) are not encouraging the food items of milk. As many as 148 (81.7%) of them revealed that they are encouraging green leafs and rest of the significant number of respondents i.e. 33 (18.2%) are not interested to give the green leafs to the pregnants. Interestingly the data depicts that more than half of the respondents i.e. 101 (55.8%) have said that they are encouraging toddy and 80 (44.1%) of them are not giving taking toddy. A substantial number of the respondents i.e. 132 (72.9%) have expressed that they are encouraging the consummation of non-vegetarian foods like mutton, chicken and egg. The total number of respondents is practicing the prohibition of papaya consummation during the pregnancy. All most all equal number of respondents i.e. 49 (27%) and 50 (27.6%) have revealed that Potato and Brinjal are encouraged food items and as similar 132 (72.9%) and 131 (72.3%) of them are not encouraging the food items of Potato and Brinjal.

The data regarding Caring of Pregnant Women among the Villagers clarifies the pursuance of the opinion of several communities respondents such as Yadava 14 (7.7%), Gouda 3 (1.7%), Munurukapu 11 (6.1%), Oddera 6 (3.3%), Vishwa Brahmin 5 (2.8%), Mala 25 (13.8%), Madiga 21 (11.6%), Padmashali 7 (3.9%), each 3 (1.7%) of Mangali, Dudekula and Erukala, Kumari 2 (1.1%) and each 1 (0.6%) of Pusala, Mera, Chindi and Dakkali have stated that family and their kins are taking care of their pregnant women. In this category the total numbers of SC and ST communities are appeared because of less financial status and peer group pressure. A majority number of working caste like Yadava, Munnurukapu, Oddera, Padmashali, Dudekula and Kummari are appeared. However, these communities’ people are visiting either government or private hospital for check up their health conditions during early pregnant hood as well as before delivery. One more interesting thing that the caste Mangali itself is traditional birth attendant community in this village so we may consider them in response to this query that they are taking care about pregnant as a traditional birth attendant and as a family. On the whole 3 (1.7 %) of Yadava, 2 (1.1 %) Gouda, 1 (0.6 %) of Munnurukapu and Kummari, 8 (4.4 %) of Chakali, 5 (2.7%) of Dudekula and the total number of Mudiraj 7 (4%) community respondent have expressed that traditional birth attendant are taking care about pregnant of their communities. It is important to note that previous these caste people took care about pregnant but at presently they are seeking the help of traditional birth attendant by reason of saving of time. These kind of villagers always busy in their routine work if they involve in the caring process they should be lost more time in order to money also. The data also describes that all most all the respondents of Deshmukh 3 (1.6%), Vysya 4 (2.2%) and Vaisnava 5 (2.7%) communities have revealed that health workers or ANMs are looking after the pregnant women. It may due to the higher awareness regarding health and personal bias or prejudices of health workers or ANMs who are interested to associate with the higher social status communities.

On account of preferable birthplace; the responses of majority respondents i.e. 112 (62%) is that birth at the traditional birth attendant is more preferable. As many as number of respondent i.e. 36 (20%) have revealed that they prepared birthplace is Government Hospitals and the reaming respondents i.e. 32 (18%) have expressed their perception that Private Hospital are preferable to give the birth. The cluster analysis of data also provides the social status wise explanation that there are 7 (4%) of OC respondents, 19 (10.5%) of BCs and 10 (5.5%) of SCs are interested to go to the government hospitals. There are 10 (5.5%) of OCs and 23 (12.7%) of BCs were interested on Privates hospitals. Among the reaming of categories, the more number of BC respondents i.e. 70 (38.5%), 37 (20.5%) and the total number of ST community respondents i.e. 3 (1.7%) and only few {2(1.1%)} of OC respondent are still interested to give birth under the observation or treatment of traditional birth attendant.

Practices after Delivery:

Women underfed themselves during pregnancy and strove for a small baby to ensure easy delivery. Babies were not to be breast fed on first three days and baby-clothes were not used till a ceremony (purudu/Naming) on 9th day to 21st day. Mothers could not leave the delivery room till that day. To minimize the toilet needs, they severely restricted their intake of fluids and food during first week after delivery. Mothers did not wash hands properly; their clothes and linen were often dirty. Newborn babies, even if sick, were not moved out of home. The usual explanations for the sicknesses in neonates were ‘evil eye’, ‘witch craft’, or ill effects of foods eaten by mother.

The practice of breast-feeding female children for shorter periods of time reflects the strong desire for sons. If women are particularly anxious to have a male child, they may deliberately try to become pregnant again as soon as possible after a female is born. Conversely, women may consciously seek to avoid another pregnancy after the birth of a male child in order to give maximum attention to the new son

Summary and Conclusions:

Due to the orthodoxical and traditional dogma, majority numbers of respondent are not possess proper notion on Women’s health. In addition to supernatural beliefs about what brings on disease, women also have some beliefs about the non-physical causes of ill-health. The most commonly found syndrome was ‘weakness’ which consists of fatigue, body ache, ghabrahat (a generic term used for anxiety, fear, restlessness, trepidation, etc.), pallor, low backache and burning of palms and feet. Thus poverty, illiteracy and social backwardness complete the subordination of women. In reality, therefore, most women carry a tremendous degree of mental anguish and agony due to the improper beliefs and practices.

However, practices existed to over come or to tune with the problems, which may be physical, psychological, cultural and environmental. Subsequently practices are to be strengthen in order to persisting as the beliefs. Once, belief is to be got its own identity; the existence of practice should automatically come by the deeds of the victims or followers. Sometimes belief might be deteriorate due to the business, cost effective and the rationalism should also vanish the irrational beliefs so that we can eventually conclude beliefs exist by the practices which may takes place to over come the problems or to adjust with the nature.

References:

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belief

2. Giger, J.N., & Davidhizar, R. E. (2004): “Transcultural nursing: Assessment and intervention” (4th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby publication.

3. Spector, R. E. (2004): “Cultural diversity in health & illness” (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall Health publication..

4. Bundek, N. I., Marks, G., & Richardson, J. I. (1993): “Role of health locus of control beliefs in cancer screening of elderly Hispanic women”. Health Psychology, 12(3), 193-1999.

5. Pachter, L. M. (1994) “Culture and clinical care: Folk illness beliefs and behaviors and their implications for health care delivery”. Journal of the American Medical Association, 271(9), 690-694.

6. Roberson, M. H. (1987): “Folk health beliefs of health professional”. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 9(2), 257-263.

7. Treistman, J. (1988): “Health beliefs in socio-cultural perspective”. In G. Caliandro & B. L. Judkins (Ed.), Primary nursing practice (pp. 119-133). Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman and Company.

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Barack Obama outlines his support of womens’ health.

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There are many sorts of medical clinics and medical halls in Singapore and it is difficult to point out which one is best for you. The questions you have to ask are; what are your needs?, what are you suffering from?. I know most of you will not be able to understand what you are suffering from; we are familiar with the carousal of confusion that some symptoms can bring us on. The good news is that Singapore is a world class medical country, with an integrated medical framework that has everything for everyone and their need.And with the dedicated health care professionals which will be able to help you in the journey to a healthier life.

One of the great features about medical clinics in Singapore is the fact that there a lot of private medical clinics that operate on a 24 hour basis. One such example is Novena Clinic 24 Hours. As its name says, its a 24-hour surgery centre catering to medical and surgical enquiries 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. It has a private Accident & Emergency (A&E) facility with recovery suites for post surgical nursing care. Various specialist of different specialty are on call 24 hours. Others include walk in clinics, travel clinics, man health clinic, women clinic, skin care clinic and private practices that are also located within public and private hospitals all over Singapore. They are quite easy to find and their services after normal operating hours are not compromised.

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A simple search online will reveal a whole host of clinics from all over Singapore, specializing in different departments and areas of health. With more than 500 private and public healthcare general and specialists practitioners, there is a niche for everyone, with big names like Johns Hopkins thrown into the mix. In truth the standard of medical clinics in Singapore is very high so you will be assured of the best, everywhere you go.

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Growing a healthy baby is one of the most important jobs of your life. Prenatal Health examines proper diet and nutrition to best ensure that you and your baby get all the vitamins, minerals and calories needed for a healthy pregnancy. Learn basic ways to maintain a healthy diet during pregnancy. How you feel emotionally and physically during pregnancy directly affects you and your baby’s well being. Prenatal Health explains how you can control and manage your stress, and how proper exercise …

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Dr. Popper loves addressing women’s health issues since women not only are responsible for their own health, but often control diet and health issues for children and families. Her talk includes information about weight loss, osteoporosis, breast health, hormone replacement and how to reverse aging. This is a 10-minute excerpt from Dr. Popper’s presentation at the Healthy Lifestyle Expo 2007. To get a DVD with the full talk as well as the talks of 11 other fascinating experts, see: secure2 …

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Women with health insurance are more likely than men to go without needed care because they can’t afford their share of the costs, a new report shows.

The Kaiser Family Foundation report is one of several calling attention to the increasing difficulty women have keeping up with health care costs.

The problem is nationwide, but data show it is especially acute in Tucson and Arizona, where more residents are uninsured and where average income is lower than for the nation as a whole.

In 2004, one in six women nationwide with health insurance postponed or went without needed care, the Kaiser report says.

Thirty-nine percent of women with insurance have difficulty paying their medical bills, compared with 29 percent of men, says a new report from the National Women’s Law Center.

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Today, the Joint Economic Committee released a report entitled, “Comprehensive Health Insurance Reform: An Essential Prescription for Women” and held a press conference to discuss how health insurance reform will impact women. The status-quo health insurance system is serving women poorly. An estimated 64 million women lack adequate health insurance. Over half of all medical bankruptcies are filed by female-headed households. For too many women and their families today, quality, affordable …

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John McCain showed he doesn't care about women's health when he described protecting "the health of the woman as "extreme. John McCain doesn't seem to understand that women's health matters. He blatantly showed that he doesn't trust women to decide what is in the best interest of their own health. Barack Obama, on the other hand, stood up for women's health.What say you?

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